Exosomes: a new strategy for mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of osteoarthritis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSCs-released exosomes are expected to become a new means for osteoarthritis, the concrete molecular mechanisms remain unclear yet. OBJECTIVE: To understand the effect and mechanism of exosomes in the MSC treatment of osteoarthritis based on the main pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and characteristics of MSCs. METHODS: Domestic and foreign articles concerning MSCs and MSCs-released exosomes for the osteoarthritis treatment published from 2006 to 2016 were retrieved and analyzed. The keywords used were "exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoarthritis" in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteoarthritis is a refractory disease associated with age and strain, and MSCs therapy has been obtained a good effect. Cartilage differentiation, microenvironment improvement, paracrine and exosomes mechanism of MSCs have also been reported. Exosomes play an important role in mediating intercellular signal transduction and biological responses by transferring a variety of biologically active proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other molecules. The changes are not only related to the osteoarthritis pathogenesis, but also involved in MSCs induced regeneration and repair of bone and joint tissues. Exosomes secreted by MSCs can improve bone and joint tissue regeneration through membrane exchange and transport of active molecules. This will provide a new insight into the osteoarthritis treatment.

Effects of Wnt3a and Wnt5a signaling pathway switching on hematopoietic stem cells senescence / 基础医学与临床

Hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)senescence is an important reason of hematopoietical and immunologi-cal function senescence.It also is play a key role during aging-related diseases development.Under certain condi-tions,the activation of classical Wnt 3a/β-catenin is in favour of maintains polarity and young states of HSCs,self-renewing,proliferation and differentiation potency.Switching to the non-classical Wnt5a pathway,further activation of Cdc42 protein and others can promote HSCs ageing,and indirectly inhibits Wnt3a/beta-catenin pathway.The in-tervention of two Wnt signaling pathways switching and mechanism,not only can illustrate the mechanism of HSCs aging,but also clear how to slow down ageing.This could provide a new strategy on the solution of age-related dis-eases and keeping a young state.

Effects of Strengthened Core Stability Training with Band on Motor Function and Balance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the application of band to strengthen core stability training for cerebral palsy. Methods From May, 2015 to December, 2016, 70 children with spastic cerebral palsy in outpatient department were di-vided into control group (n=35) and observation group (n=35). Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation train-ing, and the control group accepted core stability training, while the observation group was trained with a band during core stability training, for twelve weeks. They were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure- 88 (GMFM-88), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Manual Muscle Test (MMT) before and after treatment. Results The scores of GMFM- 88, BBS and MMT of external oblique improved in both groups after treatment (t>12.904, P<0.001), and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.121, P<0.05). Conclusion Strengthening core stability training with a band can further improve gross motor function, balance and mus-cle strength in the spastic cerebral palsy children.

Establishment of stem cell curriculum and thinking of teaching practice in graduate education / 医学研究生学报

In order to provide reference for development of the new curriculum for graduate students "The principle,technical and clinical practice of stem cell" and improve the quality of teaching and learning,we summarized some experiences and lessons for this course.This paper introduced some measures and achievements on the teaching reform from several aspects including curriculum design,selection of teaching content,teaching idea and mode,training the teaching groups and so on.Moreover,it especially emphasized that teaching contents should not only pay attention to the basic and clinical application,but also combine the present laws and keep abreast of scientific and technological developments.In the process of teaching,we need to value the quality of teachers and improve teaching standards,meanwhile we should pay attention to the culture of thought and the capacity of innovation,stimulating students' interests in studies,improving autonomous study and practices ability through multiple means and channels.This course teaching got satisfactory results and the acquired practice experiences were worth of being popularized in the further graduate students teaching.

Preclinical Study of Cell Therapy for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head with Allogenic Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

PURPOSE: To explore the value of transplanting peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells from allogenic rabbits (rPBMSCs) to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: rPBMSCs were separated/cultured from peripheral blood after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilization. Afterwards, mobilized rPBMSCs from a second passage labeled with PKH26 were transplanted into rabbit ONFH models, which were established by liquid nitrogen freezing, to observe the effect of rPBMSCs on ONFH repair. Then, the mRNA expressions of BMP-2 and PPAR-γ in the femoral head were assessed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: After mobilization, the cultured rPBMSCs expressed mesenchymal markers of CD90, CD44, CD29, and CD105, but failed to express CD45, CD14, and CD34. The colony forming efficiency of mobilized rPBMSCs ranged from 2.8 to 10.8 per million peripheral mononuclear cells. After local transplantation, survival of the engrafted cells reached at least 8 weeks. Therein, BMP-2 was up-regulated, while PPAR-γ mRNA was down-regulated. Additionally, bone density and bone trabeculae tended to increase gradually. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that local transplantation of rPBMSCs benefits ONFH treatment and that the beneficial effects are related to the up-regulation of BMP-2 expression and the down-regulation of PPAR-γ expression.

Enrichment and Biological Characteristics of Peripheral Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effective method for enrichment of rat peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells(PBMSC) and study the cell biological characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from blood of 4 week old rats after G-CSF mobilization. Thereafter, the fibroblast-like cells were acquired by plastic-adherent culture, and the proliferation curve was assayed. For analyzing surface markers of the second generation cultured isolated PBMSC, both flow cytometry(CD90, CD44, CD29, CD45, CD11b and CD79a) and immunocytochemical staining(CD73, CD105, CD34 and HLA-DR) methods were used. Furthermore, the differentiation capacities of PBMSC into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes were identified.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The adherent cells displayed typical colony-forming unit fibroblast(CFU-F) growth pattern after 6-7 day of primary culture and reached 80% confluence after 21 days of culture. The passaged PBMSC possessed high proliferative capacity and spindle growth pattern and was able to grown into exponential phase next day with a doubling time of 39.2 h. (2) PBMSC expressed mesenchymal markers such as CD90, CD44, CD29, CD73 and CD105, but failed to expressed markers of CD45, CD11b, CD79a, CD34 and HLA-DR. (3) After 21 days of culture in osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation media, calcifying nodules, intracellular glycosaminoglycans and lipid droplets could be found by alizarin red, alcian blue and oil red-O staining, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PBMSC can be enriched from rat peripheral blood with high purity and abundance by our methods. The growth and phenotypic characteristics of the isolated PBMSC are consistent with that of well-known MSC, and these cells possess the capability to multi-lineage mesoderm differentiation.</p>

Rutaecarpine inhibits angiotensin II-induced proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of rutaecarpine on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>VSMCs were isolated from Male Sprague-Dawley rat aorta, and cultured by enzymic dispersion method. Experiments were performed with cells from passages 3-8. The cultured VSMCs were randomly divided into control, model (Ang II 0.1 μmol/L), and rutaecarpine (0.3-3.0 μmol/L) groups. VMSC proliferation was induced by Ang II, and was evaluated by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and cell counting. To examine the mechanisms involved in anti-proliferative effects of rutaecarpine, nitric oxide (NO) levels and NO synthetase (NOS) activity were determined. Expressions of VSMC proliferation-related genes including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and c-myc hypertension related gene-1 (HRG-1) were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Rutaecarpine (0.3-3.0 μmol/L) inhibited Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation and the best effects were achieved at 3.0 μmol/L. The Ang II-induced decreases in cellular NO contents and NOS activities were antagonized by rutaecarpine (P <0.05). Ang II administration suppressed the expressions of eNOS and HRG-1, while increased c-myc expression (P <0.05). All these effects were attenuated by 3.0 μmol/L rutaecarpine (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rutaecarpine is effective against Ang II-induced rat VSMC proliferation, and this effect is due, at least in part, to NO production and the modulation of VMSC proliferation-related gene expressions.</p>

Effects of weile powder on bicarbonate transporters CFTR SLC26A3 and SLC26A6 in gastric ulcers of rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Weile Powder (WLP) on bicarbonate transporters in rats with gastric ulcers, and to probe its functional mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 48 SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the low dose WLP group (at the daily dose of 0.075 g/mL), the middle dose WLP group (at the daily dose of 0.150 g/mL), the high dose WLP group (at the daily dose of 0.030 g/mL), and the ranitidine group (at the daily dose of 0.030 g/mL), 8 in each group. The gastric ulcer rat model was prepared by the glacial acetic acid cauterization method. Rats in each medication group were administered from the 2nd day of modeling. Rats were sacrificed after 14-day successive medication. The protein was extracted from the ulcer tissue. The protein expressions of solute carrier26A3 (SLC26A3)and solute carrier26A6 (SLC26A6) were detected using Western blot. The gastric ulcer and its peripheral tissue were sectioned. The changes of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) were measured by immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model control group, the expression levels of SLC26A3 increased in the high dose WLP group and the ranitidine group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). The expression levels of SLC26A6 increased in the high and middle dose WLP groups and the ranitidine group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). The expression level of CFTR also obviously increased in the high and middle dose WLP groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>WLP could elevate the expression levels of SLC26A6, SLC26A3, and CFTR, increase the secretion of bicarbonate, thus protecting the gastric mucosa.</p>

The research of fibroblasts from human hypertrophic scar showing a mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and multilineage differentiation potentialities / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the CD phenotypic, protein expression and pluripotent differentiation of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts cultured in vitro, so as to study the mechanisms of scar formation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from human hypertrophic scar of 3 cases. The cells morphology was observed by inverted microscope, and the growing state of the third passage was detected by the cell counting meter of Vi-CELL. The cell surface markers CD105, CD14, CD73, CD34, CD44, CD45 and CD90 were identified by flow cytometry. The expression of CK19, Oct-4, Nanog and vimentin was detected by immunocytochemistry, and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin(alpha-SMA) was tested by immunofluorescence. The differentiated potential of fibroblasts of the third passage into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages was assayed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The primary passage fibroblasts showed the shape of spindle shaped or irregular polygon with a radiated or circinate of growing arrangement. The growth curve showed the cells growth was slow on the first and second day, and quick during the third to fifth day, which reached platform stage on the sixth or seventh day. The fibroblasts highly expressed mesenchymal stem cell surface markers-CD73, CD105, CD44, CD90, but not expressed hematopoietic stem cell surface markers-CD14, CD34, CD45 by flow cytometry. And positive expression of vimentin, Oct-4 and negative expression of CK19 were detected by Immunocytochemistry. Positive expression of alpha-SMA was also detected by immunofluorescence. Multidirectional differentiation induction indicated that the third passage cells could differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Human hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts show the biologic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, which may play an important role in wound healing and hypertrophic scar formation.</p>

Study on inducing differentiation of human amniotic epithelial cells into insulin secreting cells in vitro / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differentiation of human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) into insulin secreting cells (ISCs) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hAECs were isolated from human amnion by trypsin digestion, and the phenotype of the isolated cells were identified by flow cytometry and immunocytochemical staining. The hAECs at passage 3 were treated with nicotinamide and N2 supplement to investigate their differentiation into ISCs. At different times after differentiation, the expression of insulin and beta2 microglobulin (beta2-MG) was determined by immunocytochemical staining, while the content of insulin in supernatant from cultured hAECs was detected by radioimmunoassay and the expressions of insulin, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1) mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) hAECs expressed high percent of CD29, CD73, CD166 and CK19. (2) At 7, 14 and 21 days, the percentages of insulin-positive cells in induced groups were 74.00% +/- 1.73%, 75.33% +/- 1.15% (see symbol) 75.67% +/- 0.58% respectively, which were negative in control groups. (3) At 7, 14 and 21 days, contents of insulin in supernatant from induced groups were (328.47 +/- 3.22) microIU/ml, (332.26 +/- 1.22) microIU/ml and (329.68 +/- 2.57) microIU/ml respectively, they were significantly higher than those in control groups (All P < 0.01). (4) PDX-1 mRNA and beta2-MG were expressed before and after the induction of hAECs, but insulin mRNA was expressed only in the induced groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hAECs can differentiate into ISCs, having the potential application for therapy of type I diabetes.</p>

Anticancer effect of 5-fluorouracil combined with extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt on human endometrial adenocarcinoma / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate anticancer effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combined with CL, extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt on human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (JEC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>JEC cells cultured in vitro in the logarithmic growth phase were seeded in the culture plate and divided into the control group (RPMI 1640), the positive group (10(-4) mol/L 5-FU), the CL groups (at the dose of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 microg/mL), and the CL (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 microg/mL) combined with 5-FU groups. Effects of 5-FU combined with CL on JEC cell growth were drawn and measured by MTT and growth curves. Effects of CL combined with 5-FU on the JEC cell differentiation was analyzed by detecting the reduction capability of nitrobenzene thiocyanate (NBT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) contents in the cultured medium. Effects of CL combined with 5-FU on the JEC cell apoptosis and cell proliferation cycle were detected by acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) fluorescent staining and flow cytometry (FCM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proliferation inhibitory effect of CL combined with 5-FU on JEC cells was enhanced when compared with that of CL or 5-FU alone (P<0.05). The percentages of NBT positive JEC cells and apoptotic JEC cells increased in the 5-FU combined with CL groups when compared with 5-FU group or the CL group alone (P<0.05). The LDH concentration of the JEC cell culture supernate decreased in 5-FU combined with CL groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, the percentage of G0-G1 phase JEC cells treated by 5-FU combined with CL was higher than that of 5-FU or CL alone (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CL could enhance anticancer effects of 5-FU. Its mechanisms might be correlated with reinforcing the cytotoxicity of 5-FU, inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis, and inhibiting cell proliferation and division.</p>

Application of an improved tracheal intubation method during the preparation of myocardial infarction model in the mouse / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>An improved tracheal intubation method was used in preparation of myocardial infarction model in the mouse for increasing the success rate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mice were intubated by an improved trachea cannula through oral cavity. The left anterior thoracotomy performed. The myocardial infarction model was made by legating the left anterior descending coronary artery in mouse. The color of heart was observed, and electrocardiogram was recorded. The survival rate and pathologic change were observed after two weeks of operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>40 myocardial infarction model mice were made by improved trachea cannula. The color of ventricles anterior wall had got madder red, and ST stages were raised on II leads of electrocardiogram in all of model mice. After two weeks, 27 mice were survival. The survival rate was 87.1% except for accidental death during operation. The heart chamber expanded and ventricular wall became thin in myocardial infarction mice by eyes. After pathological sections were stained, by HE cardiac muscle fibers ruptured or lysed. There were some of necrosis of myocardiac cells and many of infiltration of inflammatory cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Application of an improved tracheal intubation method simplified operation of tracheal intubation during preparation of myocardial infarction model in the mouse. The trauma was tinier than the other one, and achievement ratio of the model preparation was improved.</p>

Identification of biological characteristics of human keloid-derived stem cells / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the biological characteristics of human keloid-derived stem cells (KDSC) in order to further research its role in keloid pathogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human keloid specimens were harvested to isolate and select KDSC by enzyme digestion and subculturing. Primary and (or) the third generation of KDSC were collected for identification of biological characteristics as follows. (1) After addition of mouse anti-human monoclonal fluorescent antibodies (CD29-PE, CD34-PE, CD44-FITC, CD90-FITC, CD45-PerCP), the expression of cell surface antigen phenotype (CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD90) as well as cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. (2) After addition of mouse anti-human cell keratin (CK19) monoclonal antibody and mouse anti-human vimentin monoclonal antibody, the expression level of CK19 and vimentin was respectively determined with immunocytochemical method. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Oct4. The multipotent differentiation capacity of the first generation KDSC was observed with osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic nutrient media.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After being subcultured, the sizes of cells were similar, and the majority of them were spindle-shaped with disorderly arrangement. The cells highly expressed typical surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells (such as CD29, CD44, and CD90, etc.) with low expression of hematopoietic stem cell surface markers (such as CD34, CD45, etc.). 67.66% of cells were in G0/G1 phase, 26.24% of cells were in G2/M phase, and 6.11% of cells were in S phase. Vimentin was positively expressed in KDSC while CK19 was negatively expressed. The expression of Oct4 was also positive. After being cultured in inducing differentiation media, the cells could differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Stem cells existing in human keloid, which are similar to mesenchymal stem cells, may play an important role in keloid pathogenesis.</p>

Relevance between clinical behavior and bionomical findings of acoustic neuromas / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the relationship between labeling index (LI) Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) with the clinical behavior of acoustic neuroma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression of Ki-67, PCNA and TGF-beta1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 53 specimens of acoustic neuromas. The relationship among tumor proliferation, histological representation, size of tumor, clinical proliferation index of tumor and tumor proliferation activity were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all 53 cases, the positive rate of Ki-67 was 77.4% (41/53) but the positive rate of PCNA was 84.9% (45/53). There was significant difference between the proliferate index, clinic growth rate and course of disease (t = 2.14, t = 2.70; P < 0.05). The positive rate of TGF-beta1 was 83.0% (44/53). The correlation of TGF-beta1 with LI (Ki-67) was significant difference (r = 0.36, P < 0.05). Cystic degeneration often occurred in large-size tumor (Z = 4.44, P < 0.05). There was no significant relationship between the expression of LI (Ki-67), LI (PCNA) and TGF-beta1 and the course of disease as well as between the cystic degeneration and the non-cystic degeneration. Although clinic growth rate of cystic degeneration was bigger than that of non-cystic degeneration, there was not statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ki-67 and PCNA are reflected proliferation activities of tumor cells in acoustic neuromas. Cell proliferation-labeling index LI (PCNA) was related with clinical growth rates. TGF-beta1 might participate in the biological behavior of acoustic neuroma. Cystic degeneration was one of special pattern of acoustic neuroma, however, tumor enlargement might due to the volume of the cystic but unrelated to fast proliferation of parenchyma cell.</p>

Prevalence and etiology of people with hearing impairment in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and etiology of people with hearing disability in China and to provide evidence for development of related prevention and treatment strategies.Methods Using the statistics and inference from data of the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability.Results 27.80 million people were diagnosed with hearing disability,including 20.04 million with pure 72.08%)and the rate was 11.04% among the elderly(accounting for 73.57%).The prevalence of hearing disability was higher in males than in females as well as higher in the rural than in the urbans.Sufferers were mainly engaging in agriculture with poor education background.Among all the people with hearing disability,Grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ was accounted for 73.42% but among the elderly,they were accounted for 79.13%.Grade Ⅰ andⅡwas accounted for 67.36% among children aged four to six and 83.90% in children aged below three.Speech disabilities were more than 70% in aged below six.The whole etiology contains presbyeusis,unknown causation and tympanitis with primary causes as heredity,pregnant virus infection,neonatal asphyxiation,drug-induced deafness,premature delivery and low birth avoirdupois,other than unknown deaf among the 0-6 year olds.However,the primary causation would include presbyeusis,tympanitis,sickness,noise/detonation and drug-induced deafness for the elderly.Conclusion Active prevention on presbycusis with emphasis on prevention and cure to rural population was important in reducing the venture of hearing disability.Related consultation on genetic factors was another measure to be taken to prevent hearing disability developed in the newborns.

Technique of hearing preservation during acoustic neuroma surgery / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possibility of hearing protection in acoustic neurinoma (AN) resection and to evaluate the effect of dynamic auditory monitoring and the effect of oto-endoscope for hearing protection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2003 to July 2007, there were a total of 138 cases of AN received surgical treatment Continuous hearing monitoring was conducted in 18 cases with residual hearing. In these 18 cases, there were 6 males and 12 females, with 12 cases in left side and 6 cases in right. Fifteen cases were solitary AN, 3 cases were diagnosed as neurofibromatosis II. Maximal diameters of the tumor varied between 12 and 33 millimeters with an average of 19.9 millimeters. All cases were operated on by retrosigmoid approach with routine facial nerve monitoring. Ten cases were assisted by oto-endoscope. Eighteen cases were performed accompanying continuous auditory brainstem response (ABR) and electro-cochleogram (EcochG). The patients were given routine hearing function test 7 to 10 days after operation, and reexamined 6 months to 1 year. The duration of follow-up ranged 6 months to 2. 5 years. Hearing data of the last time was thought as the judging result. Preoperative and postoperative hearing standard refer to (AAO-HNS) classifying.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all 18 cases, tumors were resected completely in 16 cases, but sub-totally removed in 2 cases which were II neurofibromatosis. There was no mortality and no severe complication in this series. All the 18 cases had no facial paralysis before operation, and during operation facial nerves in 18 cases were kept anatomic integrity. According to House-Brackmann grade system, for 18 AN patients 7 days after operation only 50.0% (9/18) were kept at grade I to II , but 88.9% (16/18) were kept at grade I to II 6 months after operation. Out of 18 cases, hearing function were preserved in 11 cases (61.1%, 11/18). After operation, there were 4 cases at hearing grade A, 4 cases at hearing grade B, 2 cases at hearing grade C and 1 cases at hearing grade D. In all 18 cases, there were 5 cases with tumor diameter more than 20 millimeters, in which only 2 cases of them preserved hearing function (2/5). However, 9 cases preserved their hearing function in the other 13 cases whose tumors diameter less than 20 millimeters (69.2%, 9/13). In 10 cases assisted by oto-endoscope, 8 cases obtained hearing protection (80.0%, 8/10) and 2 cases lost hearing. During operative monitoring, when drilling posterior lip of internal auditory canal (IAC), dragging and electric coagulating nearby IAC, especially clamping labyrinthine artery, removing tumor in IAC or electric coagulating arachnoid blood vessel on the top of tumor tissue, the ABR waves were affected greatly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For the AN patient with preoperative residual hearing, it was necessary to protect hearing by combining continuous auditory monitoring with oto-endoscope technique. Based on these efforts the patient could preserve applicable hearing after operation. Whether or not arachnoidal on the top of AN remain and the conditions about blood supplying were the main factors that affect postoperative hearing. Moreover trauma of labyrinthine artery was the key to postoperative hearing loss.</p>

Preparation and quality control of soybean isoflavone dropping pills / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the optimized preparation procedure and study the method to determine the content for soybean isoflavone(SIF) Dropping Pills.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The preparation conditions, such as the proportion between SIF and PEGs, the temperature of mixture of SIF and PEGs, dropping distance, etc., were studied with Uniform Design and One-way ANOVA. SIF was identified by TLC and the content of SIF was determined by UV spectrometry at 262 nm detection wavelength.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Three batches of the prepared products meet the standards of the Chinese pharmacopoeia on dropping pills. SIF can be identified by TLC. Using UV spectrometry, the linear range of SIF was 0. 407 2 to 4. 072 g x mL(-1) and the correlation coefficient was 0. 999 8. In high, middle and low concentration, average recovery were 96. 54%, 97.27% and 97.21%, respectively (RSD were 1.3%, 0.78% and 0.71%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The preparation procedure is feasible, simple and suitable, the method established in this paper can be adopted for the quality control of SIF dropping pills, and the determination method is simple, relatively fast and accurate.</p>

Anticancer effect of CL extract of Rosa roxburghii / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate anticancer effects and potential mechanisms of CL, extract of Rosa roxburghii.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>In vitro anticancer effect was observed in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) mice model. Cell toxicity of CL on human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line JEC (JEC) cells was measured by MTT reduction test and growth curves drawing by trypan blue dye exclusion method. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration of cultured medium was detected by auto-biochemistry-meter. Cell differentiation was showed by detection of NBT reduction ability. Apoptosis was showed by AO/EB fluorescent staining and flow cytometer detection. Cell proliferation cycle was detected by flow cytometer.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Comparing with the negative group, life span of EAC mice treated with CL was prolonged (P <0.05), and thymus index and spleen index of them were raised (P <0.05). The inhibitory effect of CL on JEC cells was in concentration-and time-dependent manner. IC50 of CL on JEC cells was 0.05 microg mL(-1) in 96 hours. Growth curves showed right-shift with CL concentration increasing. The number of NBT positive JEC cells increased and the LDH concentration of cultured medium declined with CL increasing. Apoptosis of JEC cells with CL treated was induced in concentration-dependent manner, apoptotic percentage of CL 10 microg mL(-1) on JEC cells was 25.59% in 24 hours. CL arrested JEC cells in G2-M phase (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CL has certainly anticancer effects in vivo and in vitro. Anticancer effect of CL in vivo was in relation to enhancing immune function of EAC mice; anticancer mechanisms of CL on JEC cells may be its direct cytotoxic effect, inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell segmentation.</p>

Management of operative complications in acoustic neuroma surgery / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the common complications related to acoustic neuromas and to search methods for preventing from them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and five patients with acoustic neuromas underwent 110 operations with the retrosigmoid approach, middle cranial fossa approach and labyrinth approach. All cases were followed up more than 1 month after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 110 cases, the most frequent complication was hearing disability which occurred in 95 cases (95/110, 86.4%). and the facial paralysis was in 63.6% (70/110) after one month. Other complications were cerebrospinal fluid fistulas (CSF, 12.7%, 14/110) , intracranial hematoma (5.5%, 6/110), cranial nerve palsies (4.5%, 5/110), meningitis (3.6%, 4/110), tetraparesis (3.6%, 4/110), balance disturbance (1.8%, 2/110), hemiparalysis and anepia (0.9%, 1/110). Effective stopping bleeding during operation and controlling blood pressure after operation, as well as keeping effective sedation in 24 hours after operation were the important ways to prevent from intracranial hematoma The haemorrhage often accrued in 48 hours post-operation. CSF in this series was another common complication in acoustic neuroma surgery. Ten cases with CSF subcutaneous retro-auricular had been successfully controlled by conservative treatment. Of 4 cases with rhinorrhea CSF, 3 of them were required surgical management, another one got self-cure by bed rest. The ventricular drainage pro-operation was the most important procedure for drawdown the hypsi-cranium pressure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The key factors to avoid the complications include mastering the anatomy of different surgical approach, how much of the tumor size, surgical experience and preoperative evaluation of patients' imaging information and other clinical data.</p>

Preliminary study of intraoperative auditory monitoring techniques in acoustic neuroma surgery / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of intraoperative auditory monitoring techniques in acoustic neuroma surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten cases with acoustic neuroma were resected with retrosigmoid approach. Continuous hearing monitoring of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and transtympanic electrocochleography (ECochG) was performed during operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before surgery, 3 patients had class A hearing, 4 had class B hearing, and 3 had class C hearing. With ABR monitoring, 5 patients had waves I , III and V, 5 had only waves I preoperation. After anesthesia,only 2 cases had waves I, III and V, 6 had wave I (Compound action potential, CAP N1 is equivalent to wave I of ABR) and 2 had no waves. The hearing was preserved in 2 cases, which had class A hearing post operation with tumor size <2 cm. With continuous hearing monitoring, the waves of I , III and V could be evoked in one case. In another case, the waves of I, III could be evoked after the tumor resection with the disappearance of wave V. The hearing was not preserved in 8 cases. The 6 out of 8 cases showed up CAP (waves I ) waveform. The CAP amplitudes decreased significantly in 4 cases and even dropped to zero while dissecting the tumor at the lateral end of the internal auditory canal (IAC) or clamping the internal auditory artery (IAA) during operation. After surgery, the CAP amplitudes were recovered to 50%-60% of normal level or normal. In one case, although the cochlear nerve was cut down, the CAP could still be recorded after the tumor resection. However, the CAP amplitudes was dropped to zero while pressurized and pulled cochlea nerve of brainstem lateral and the wave disappeared post-operation in another cases. The waves had not been recorded in two cases after anesthesia. One of them showed low amplitude of CAP wave when the tumor partially removed. The others had no wave all the time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In combination with ABR monitoring, ECochG proved to be a useful supplementary tool for hearing preservation in acoustic neurinoma surgery. Drilling of the IAC and tumor removal at the lateral end of the IAC were the most critical steps for achieving hearing preservation. The surgeon's experience are the most significant factors influencing the hearing outcome after removal of acoustic neuroma.</p>